Structure

Such building materials as wood, cement, construction stone are scarcely available in Sahara. There is not enough wood or other fuel to make proper bricks. Nevertheless, there is a solution to every problem: buildings in the desert cities of Sahara are made from local material – mud, straw, and pebbles. This mix is dried in the Sun, creating fairly strong material – banco (a kind of adobe).

This specific construction material, construction methods, and maintenance works defines the rounded, slightly crooked forms of buildings.

Adobe buildings need maintenance frequently – wind and occasional rain wear down the walls. Taller towers elsewhere would need erection of scaffolding for each repair. But Tuaregs have solved this brilliantly. Tower itself contains scaffolding: wooden beams sticking out from the walls of tower.

History

Agadez Mosque is a central shrine in the city. Agadez city started to develop in the 11th century AD and in the 14th century here was built residence of the Sultan of Agadez, leader of local Tuaregs. The city was an important trade center and also a center of learning.

Agadez Mosque was built in 1515 when the city was captured by the Songhai Empire. Tuaregs, reportedly, went to Timbuktu to learn construction techniques and only then built this magnificent building.

Mosque was restored and partly rebuilt in 1844. Now it is the dominating structure in this desert city and approaching caravans see it long before they see the city itself. The tall tower served as watchtower – Agadez was a fortified city in the past and it could stand against the siege. The mosque is a symbol of Agadez and in a way – a symbol of the whole north of Niger.

Visitors, reportedly, are allowed to climb the minaret (but one should be lean and fit!). View from the top of the minaret is astounding – the cityscape of Agadez is very unusual, as (almost) all buildings are made from local material and blend in with the ochre color of ground.

Agadez Mosque on the map

Location, GPS coordinates:	16.9742 N 7.9884 E
Categories:	Islamic shrines
Values:	Art, Architecture, History
Rating:
Where is located?	Africa, Niger, centre of Agadez
UNESCO World Heritage status:	Part of "Historic Centre of Agadez", 2013, No.1268
Architecture style:	Sudano-Sahelian
Age:	1515, restored in 1844
Religion:	Islam

Landmarks of Niger

For most part Niger is covered with desert. While some parts of country have monotonous landscape, there are suprising landmarks. Highlights of Niger are historical desert cities and towns as well as the local adobe architecture.

Islamic shrines

Initially, in the 7th century mosques were unpretentious, large halls for gatherings. Over the time, as Islam was spreading, there developed diverse, locally adapted architectural forms of mosques.

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